When it comes to eating disorders, it may be even harder for men to recognise and address.n
Photo: Pixabay/Mohamed Hassa
Unhealthy relationships with food can take many forms, affecting men and women, and may not always be immediately recognisable as eating disorders, leaving many to suffer in silence.
“The wide range of eating disorders and the ways they can manifest are so diverse, yet most people immediately think of anorexia nervosa or bulimia.
“Society often mistakenly associates eating disorders with women, overlooking the complexity of eating disorders,” says Marlene van den Berg, therapeutic programme manager and occupational therapist at Netcare Akeso Montrose Manor.
‘Obsessive health-orientated’
One of the lesser known eating disorders is orthorexia nervosa, which may be more prominent in cosmopolitan cities where there is a particularly strong trend towards obsessive health-orientated behaviour, said Van den Berg.
“A hallmark of orthorexia is that the person becomes overly fixated on health-conscious food and behaviours, and may not eat enough to sustain them physically,” adds Peta-Lyn Foot, therapeutic programme manager and occupational therapist at Netcare Akeso Randburg-Crescent Clinic.
“Orthorexia involves a compulsion for only eating ‘pure’ or subjectively ‘correct’ foods, and feeling emotional distress connected to foods that do not fit in with these perceptions. Often beginning as a desire to eat more healthily or make more ‘clean’ conscious purchasing decisions, some people’s dietary choices may be taken to extremes and become overly restrictive.”
Peta-Lyn Foot
Warning signs
Some of the warning signs of orthorexia may include forgoing meals or missing social functions to avoid certain types of food or drink, or the person’s highly selective food preferences may make a nutritious balanced diet unaffordable or otherwise not supportable.
Van den Berg says that even though orthorexia is not necessarily associated with weight loss, people may also exercise excessively, trying to make up for eating foods that do not conform to their own self-imposed dietary rules.
“Often people with this disorder may project an image of being health conscious, but if taken to extremes the truth is to the contrary, as not only does this eating disorder signal deeper underlying emotional needs, orthorexia may also lead to nutritional deficiencies and avoidable sport injuries,” Van den Berg said.
Check emotional response
A healthy lifestyle must include balance and have healthy long-term implications. A good test is to check your emotional response if there is a day when you are not able to follow your preferred “healthy” lifestyle, leading you to miss an exercise session or eat something outside your preferred diet.
If you are being hard on yourself or feeling guilt or shame about it, it may be time to open up to a mental health professional.
Binge eating
“Binge eating is another eating disorder that is too often overlooked or misunderstood, and it has a psychological basis for recurring episodes where the person loses self-control and feels compelled to eat a lot more food than would be usual in a matter of hours, often leaving the person with feelings of shame or guilt,” Foot adds.
Unfortunately, it is often hard for people suffering from binge eating to recognise that their behaviour is linked to an underlying mental health disorder, and so it is even harder for them to seek help as the person may fear the stigma of being labelled, she says.
Binge eating is episodes where the person loses self-control and feels compelled to eat a lot of food in a matter of hours, often leaving the person with feelings of shame or guilt.
Photo: Pexels/Karolina Grabowska
Mental health professionals recognise binge eating as a disorder and multidisciplinary treatment is available for this as well as other eating disorders.
“Male eating disorders are often misunderstood and easily missed, which means these conditions tend to be underreported. Many men grapple with stigma around male mental health generally, and when it comes to eating disorders, it may be even harder for men to recognise and address,” Van den Berg points out.
“In South Africa, there is a significant cohort of men with binge eating disorders, yet often adult male binge eating is framed as a food addiction and may present itself with other substance use disorders,” she says.
Address the underlying need
There is no quick fix for curing eating disorders, as these are complex psychological conditions that require emotional processing to address the underlying need the person’s relationship with food is attempting to fulfil, and this takes time and commitment.
Foot urges anyone who is concerned about their or a loved one’s relationship with food to seek professional support.
“If you or someone you know are showing signs that might potentially point to an eating disorder of any kind, do not ignore it. These disorders can progress quickly and impact all spheres of the person’s life if not identified and managed appropriately,” she says.
Netcare Akeso’s 24-hour crisis line is available on 0861-435-787, any time of day or night, with trained counsellors to listen and guide you on the options and resources available.
Anyone who is concerned about their or a loved one’s relationship with food, needs to seek professional support.
Photo: Unsplash/Elena Leya
